The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was developed by a mother-daughter team of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, based on the theories of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. Katharine Cook Briggs began developing the framework for the MBTI in the early 1900s, and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers continued to refine and develop the assessment throughout her life. The first version of the MBTI was published in 1962, and it has since become one of the most widely used personality assessments in the world. This assessment tool categorises individuals into one of 16 different personality types based on their preferences in four dichotomies.
The combinations of these dichotomies create 16 different personality types that belong to one of four groups; analysts, diplomats, sentinels and explorers. Each personality comes with its own unique set of strengths and weaknesses.
(Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be more reserved and introspective, preferring to focus on their inner thoughts and ideas rather than external stimuli. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an INTJ personality type. INTJs tend to be analytical, strategic, and independent. They have a strong sense of intellectual curiosity and enjoy exploring complex ideas and concepts. INTJs are often highly strategic and goal-oriented, and tend to approach problems with a logical and analytical mindset. They are often driven by a desire for knowledge and personal growth, and may have high standards for themselves and others. INTJs are often seen as confident and independent, but may struggle with social skills or emotional expression. However, they can be highly effective leaders and problem-solvers, able to analyse complex situations and develop innovative solutions.
(Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Perceiving)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be more reserved and introspective, preferring to focus on their inner thoughts and ideas rather than external stimuli. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be flexible and adaptable, preferring to keep their options open rather than make a decision prematurely.
When combined, these preferences create an INTP personality type. INTPs tend to be analytical, curious, and inventive. They have a strong desire for knowledge and understanding, and are often drawn to complex, abstract ideas. INTPs are often highly analytical and logical, and are skilled at identifying patterns and developing innovative solutions to complex problems. They tend to be independent and self-sufficient, and may prefer to work alone rather than in a group setting. INTPs are often seen as insightful and innovative, but may struggle with social skills or emotional expression. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve research, analysis, or problem-solving, such as science, engineering, or computer programming.
(Extraverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an ENTJ personality type. ENTJs tend to be assertive, strategic, and visionary. They are often highly analytical and logical, and are skilled at identifying patterns and developing innovative solutions to complex problems. ENTJs are often driven by a desire for success and achievement, and are skilled at planning and executing large-scale projects. They are often confident and assertive, and may have high standards for themselves and others. ENTJs are often seen as natural leaders and decision-makers, able to inspire and motivate others towards a shared goal. However, they may struggle with emotional expression or empathy, and may need to work on developing their interpersonal skills. ENTJs are often well-suited for careers that involve leadership and strategic thinking, such as management, entrepreneurship, or politics.
(Extraverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Perceiving)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be flexible and adaptable, preferring to keep their options open rather than make a decision prematurely.
When combined, these preferences create an ENTP personality type. ENTPs tend to be curious, creative, and adaptable. They have a strong desire for exploration and innovation, and are often drawn to new experiences and ideas. ENTPs are often highly intuitive and imaginative, and are skilled at seeing possibilities and making connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. They tend to be analytical and logical, and may enjoy debating or discussing ideas with others. ENTPs are often seen as independent and unconventional, but may struggle with follow-through or implementing their ideas in a practical way. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve innovation, strategy, or problem-solving, such as entrepreneurship, research, or technology.
(Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be more reserved and introspective, preferring to focus on their inner thoughts and ideas rather than external stimuli. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an INFJ personality type. INFJs tend to be insightful, empathetic, and idealistic. They have a strong sense of personal values and often work towards a greater good or cause. INFJs are often highly intuitive, able to pick up on subtle cues and patterns that others may miss. They are often deeply empathetic and attuned to the needs of others, and are often driven to help others in meaningful ways. INFJs are often seen as sensitive and private, and may struggle with expressing their own emotions or asserting themselves in social situations. However, they can be highly effective leaders and visionaries, able to inspire and motivate others to work towards a shared goal.
(Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Perceiving)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be reserved and reflective, energised by time alone. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be flexible and adaptable, preferring to keep their options open rather than make a decision prematurely.
When combined, these preferences create an INFP personality type. INFPs tend to be idealistic, empathetic, and imaginative. They have a strong sense of personal values and ethics, and are often deeply committed to helping others. INFPs are often highly intuitive and imaginative, and may enjoy creative pursuits such as writing, art, or music. They tend to be empathetic and compassionate, and may have a natural ability to understand and connect with others on an emotional level. INFPs are often seen as open-minded and adaptable, but may struggle with structure or following established rules. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve helping others, creativity, or personal growth, such as counselling, social work, or teaching.
(Extraverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an ENFJ personality type. ENFJs tend to be empathetic, charismatic, and driven by a desire to help others. They have a strong sense of intuition and often have a talent for understanding and connecting with people on an emotional level. ENFJs are often highly organised and efficient, and are skilled at planning and managing details. They tend to be analytical and logical, but are also driven by their personal values and a desire to make a positive impact on the world. ENFJs are often seen as outgoing and charismatic, but may struggle with making tough decisions or setting boundaries. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve leadership, communication, or interpersonal relationships, such as counselling, teaching, or politics.
(Extraverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Perceiving)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Intuitive (N) individuals tend to rely on their intuition and imagination to understand the world around them, rather than concrete information or facts. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values or emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be flexible and adaptable, preferring to keep their options open rather than make a decision prematurely.
When combined, these preferences create an ENFP personality type. ENFPs tend to be enthusiastic, creative, and empathetic. They have a strong desire for exploration and adventure, and are often drawn to new experiences and opportunities for growth. ENFPs are often highly intuitive and imaginative, and are skilled at seeing possibilities and making connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. They tend to be warm and empathetic, and may be highly skilled at understanding and supporting the emotions of others. ENFPs are often seen as energetic and inspiring, but may struggle with practical matters or following through on long-term commitments. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve creativity, social interaction, or working with people, such as counseling, teaching, or the arts.
(Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be more reserved and introspective, preferring to focus on their inner thoughts and ideas rather than external stimuli. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on concrete information and their five senses to understand the world around them, rather than abstract or theoretical concepts. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an ISTJ personality type. ISTJs tend to be practical, responsible, and detail-oriented. They are often highly organised and enjoy creating systems to keep things running smoothly. They value stability and security, and prefer to rely on tried-and-true methods rather than taking risks. ISTJs are often seen as reliable, loyal, and hardworking, and are often well-suited to careers that require attention to detail and adherence to rules and procedures. However, they may struggle with flexibility and adapting to new situations, and may find it challenging to make decisions based on emotions or subjective values.
(Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, Judging)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be more reserved and introspective, preferring to focus on their inner thoughts and ideas rather than external stimuli. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on concrete information and their five senses to understand the world around them, rather than abstract or theoretical concepts. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an ISFJ personality type. ISFJs tend to be warm, supportive, and practical. They value tradition and stability, and often enjoy creating and maintaining systems to keep things running smoothly. They are often highly empathetic and attuned to the needs of others, and enjoy helping people in practical ways. ISFJs are often seen as loyal and dependable, and are often well-suited to careers in caregiving, education, or other service-oriented professions. However, they may struggle with making decisions that go against their personal values or with adapting to new situations that challenge their sense of stability and routine.
(Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Judging (J) individuals tend to be organised and structured, preferring to make decisions and plan ahead rather than leave things open-ended.
When combined, these preferences create an ESTJ personality type. ESTJs tend to be practical, reliable, and hardworking. They have a strong sense of duty and responsibility, and are often committed to following established procedures and rules. ESTJs are often highly organised and efficient, and are skilled at planning and managing details. They tend to be analytical and logical, and may prefer to work in a structured environment with clear expectations and guidelines. ESTJs are often seen as decisive and assertive, but may struggle with flexibility or adapting to change. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve management, organisation, or leadership, such as business, law enforcement, or the military.
(Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling, Judging)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and energised by spending time with other people, rather than alone. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Judging (J) individuals tend to prefer structure and order, and enjoy making plans and following through on them.
When combined, these preferences create an ESFJ personality type. ESFJs tend to be warm, caring, and outgoing individuals who enjoy spending time with family and friends. They have a strong desire to help others, and are often skilled at anticipating the needs of others and providing practical support and assistance. ESFJs have a strong sense of duty and responsibility, and tend to be highly organised and detail-oriented. They enjoy following routines and schedules, and may struggle with unexpected changes or disruptions to their plans.
ESFJs are often drawn to careers in healthcare, social work, or education, where they can use their empathy and practical skills to help others. They may also be successful in roles that require attention to detail, such as accounting or administrative work. ESFJs tend to be skilled at working in teams and collaborating with others, and may excel in roles that require strong interpersonal skills. They may struggle with careers that require long periods of independent work or creative problem-solving, as they prefer structure and clear guidelines.
(Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be energised by spending time alone, rather than with other people. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be spontaneous and flexible, preferring to keep options open rather than make firm plans.
When combined, these preferences create an ISTP personality type. ISTPs tend to be independent, practical, and logical individuals who enjoy exploring the world around them through hands-on experiences. They are often skilled at fixing things and solving practical problems, and may enjoy working with machines or tools. ISTPs can be reserved in social situations, but are often friendly and laid-back once they feel comfortable.
ISTPs are often drawn to careers in engineering, computer programming, or skilled trades such as carpentry or plumbing. They may also enjoy careers that allow them to work outdoors or with their hands, such as forestry or mechanics. ISTPs tend to be highly adaptable and able to work independently, and may excel in careers that require quick thinking and problem-solving skills. They may struggle with careers that require a lot of structure or long-term planning, as they prefer to take things as they come and may become restless with too much routine.
(Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving)
Introverted (I) individuals tend to be energised by spending time alone, rather than with other people. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be spontaneous and flexible, preferring to keep options open rather than make firm plans.
When combined, these preferences create an ISFP personality type. ISFPs tend to be creative, sensitive, and quiet individuals who enjoy spending time alone or with a small group of close friends. They have a strong appreciation for beauty and art, and may enjoy creative hobbies like painting, music, or photography. ISFPs are often deeply in touch with their emotions, and may struggle with conflict or criticism. They may be reserved in social situations, but are often warm and friendly once they feel comfortable.
ISFPs are often drawn to careers in the arts, such as graphic design, writing, or music. They may also enjoy careers that allow them to work with their hands, such as woodworking or fashion design. ISFPs tend to be adaptable and flexible, and may enjoy careers that allow them to work independently and at their own pace. They may struggle with careers that require a lot of structure or long-term planning, as they prefer to live in the moment and take things as they come.
(Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and sociable, energised by interactions with others. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Thinking (T) individuals tend to make decisions based on objective analysis and logic, rather than personal values or emotions. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be flexible and adaptable, preferring to keep their options open rather than make a decision prematurely.
When combined, these preferences create an ESTP personality type. ESTPs tend to be energetic, spontaneous, and action-oriented. They have a strong desire for excitement and novelty, and are often drawn to physical activities or adventure sports. ESTPs are often highly observant and practical, and are skilled at troubleshooting and finding practical solutions to problems. They tend to be analytical and logical, and may enjoy debate or discussing ideas with others. ESTPs are often seen as confident and outgoing, but may struggle with following rules or authority. However, they can be highly effective in careers that involve action, risk-taking, or hands-on problem-solving, such as sales, athletics, or emergency services.
(Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving)
Extraverted (E) individuals tend to be outgoing and energised by spending time with other people, rather than alone. Sensing (S) individuals tend to rely on their five senses to gather information about the world around them, rather than intuition or imagination. Feeling (F) individuals tend to make decisions based on personal values and emotions, rather than objective analysis or logic. Perceiving (P) individuals tend to be spontaneous and flexible, preferring to keep options open rather than make firm plans.
When combined, these preferences create an ESFP personality type. ESFPs tend to be fun-loving, energetic, and sociable individuals who enjoy being around other people. They have a keen awareness of their surroundings and enjoy sensory experiences like good food, music, or art. ESFPs tend to be warm and empathetic, and are skilled at connecting with others on an emotional level. They often have a strong sense of style and may enjoy expressing themselves through fashion or other creative outlets. ESFPs are often spontaneous and adaptable, and may struggle with long-term planning or sticking to routines. They can be easily bored with repetition or routine, and prefer to live in the moment and enjoy life as it comes.
ESFPs are often drawn to careers that allow them to interact with people, such as sales, customer service, or event planning. They may also be successful in careers that involve performance or entertainment, such as acting or music. ESFPs can be highly effective in roles that require quick thinking and a flexible approach, but may struggle with roles that require long-term planning or attention to detail.
The accuracy of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has been a topic of debate and criticism over the years. While some people find the test to be highly accurate and useful for self-discovery and personal growth, others question its scientific validity and reliability.
One of the main criticisms of the MBTI is that it is based on self-report, which means that the accuracy of the results can be influenced by the test-taker’s own biases and perceptions of themselves. Additionally, some studies have suggested that the MBTI may not be as consistent or reliable over time as other personality assessments.
Despite these criticisms, many people find the MBTI to be a helpful tool for gaining insight into their personality and understanding their strengths and weaknesses. It is important to keep in mind that no personality assessment is 100% accurate, and that individuals may exhibit traits and behaviors that do not fit neatly into one specific personality type. As with any assessment, it is important to use the results of the MBTI as a starting point for self-reflection and growth, rather than a definitive measure of personality.
